- In document #66, how does Tallien describe the mechanisms of the Terror? How does it work as a system of exercising power?
- In document #66, how does Tallien compare the Terror to the monarchy of the old regime?
- According to document #68, why did the people of Paris rise up in germinal III? What were the people's demands?
- According to document #68, how did the National Convention respond to both the germinal and prairial uprisings in the spring of 1795?
- Mason and Rizzo point out that the Declaration of Verona (document #69), issued by Comte de Provence (the future Louis XVIII), "stifle[d] royalist attempts at Restoration." Why would this be the case?
Wednesday, April 22, 2009
Reading questions, ch. 11
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According to document #68, why did the people of Paris rise up in the germinal III? What were the people’s demands?
ReplyDeleteWith bread prices rising the men and women of Paris began to confront the National Convention. The population wanted bread prices decreased and the new Constitution implemented. The people attacked the Convention based on what the citizens viewed as negligent behavior on the government’s part. The people of Paris during Germinal III wanted the dismissal of current committee members who they believed were guilty of crimes against the people. They wanted the Convention to release all prisoners who were unlawfully detained for voicing their opinions and demanding prices be lowered. The citizens also wanted to replace the Convention with a National Legislative Assembly. The government tried to avoid implementing these demands but found it difficult to ignore the popular unrest.
According to document #68, how did the National Convention respond to both the germinal and prairial uprisings in the spring of 1795?
The National Convention responded to the demands made by the people during Germinal III by first opening storehouses which had been closed. The National Convention decreed the Commune of Paris was now responsible for the Republic and any attack made against national representation. The Convention also required all citizens to report to their sections to receive orders from their commanders. Anyone who chose to ignore this responsibility and not report to their section would be held responsible for any events which may surface. The Convention also discredited leaders of the crowd making the good citizens responsible for arresting them and bring them to justice. The first twenty individuals marching at the head of a crowd were now considered new leaders. The National Convention was not going to prevent citizens from presenting petitions as long as those petitions were presented in a manner respectable to the laws. During the Prairial uprising the Government was less than willing to succumb to the crowd. They responded to the uprising by summoning those of the faubourg Antoine to arrest those involved with Ferraud and those who protected him. The Convention required each section to hand over all weapons to the General Commander and if the faubourg Antoine refused, the Convention would consider the area to be in a state of rebellion. The crowd was not as successful during these uprisings as they had been in the past. The Germinal III and the defeat in Prairial marked the end of the san-culottes control.
Posted By: Kathryne Hardy
According to document #68, why did the people of Paris rise up in germinal III? What were the people's demands?
ReplyDeleteThe people of Paris rose up in germinal III because of the high bread prices and lowering of supplies. Mason and Rizzo claims that they wanted, "Bread and the constitution of 1793" (270). Women believed that the National Convention was at fault and were to be blamed for people dying of starvation. This goes along with the vibe at the time that there was this "Hoarder's conspiracy" going on in France. This only played up on that fear and cause women and men to take action once again.
According to document #68, how did the National Convention respond to both the germinal and prairial uprisings in the spring of 1795?
Upon hearing the news of the uprising, the National Convention made a decree. It stated that, the Commune of Paris is responsible for any attacks against the national representation, all good citizens must go to their section armed ready for orders, Anyone who doesn't go to their section after this decree is released will be considered apart of the uprising, leaders of the crowd are outlawed, "the first 20 people in the crowd will be considered the leaders," and lastly, it won't inhibit the rights of citizens, who present petitions (273). From their decree it sounds as if they were ready for the uprising and were not scared.
Kate Starnes
In document #66, how does Tallien describe the mechanisms of the Terror? How does it work as a system of exercising power?
ReplyDeleteTallien says that for terror to work, the government must threaten capital punishment endlessly to everyone. He thinks it is necessary to know how to torture all citizens by tormenting a few. He thinks to institute terror, it has to be concentrated and unitary.
According to document #68, why did the people of Paris rise up in germinal III? What were the people's demands?
Parisians rose up on 30 Germinal because they blamed the National Convention for allowing people to starve. The people thought that the N.C. executed Robespierre and his accomplices because they wanted to take over the government, tyrannize people and raise the price of essentials enough so they would starve. Women were at the head of this uprising, as they often were when subsistence was at stake.
The people demanded bread, the abolition of the revolutionary government, that the N.C. instate the Constitution of 1793, the arrest of certain members of the government, and the release of people in prison who had protested the bread problems.
Lindsay Berreth
According to document #68, why did the people of Paris rise up in germinal III? What were the people's demands?
ReplyDeleteThe reasons for which the people rose up in Germinal III, were mainly associated with the actions taken by the convention. According to the words of the leaders the reason was that the convention had: "...allowed people to die of hunger for far too long." This complaint was in reference to the high food prices had resulted from the removal of the Maximum after the Thermidoran reaction. They were also upset over the arrests of those who dared to rise up against the convention for the food prices. The demands made by the people were for bread, the destruction of revolutionary government and the reestablished of the constitution of 1793. This tells us that that the bigger target of the revolts was probably to restore the old government that had existed under Robespierre, since the way the new government had acted was proving to be tyrannical in arresting protesters and by abolishing the maximum.
-Jonathan Mcclintock
Mason and Rizzo point out that the Declaration of Verona (document #69), issued by Comte de Provence (the future Louis XVIII), "stifle[d] royalist attempts at Restoration." Why would this be the case?
ReplyDeleteThe Declaration made by the future Louis XVIII does indeed look as if it was responsible for a ruined attempt at a restoration. This is because it very clearly denounces the revolution as something that brought "a torrent of calamities has rushed in upon you from every side. You proved faithless to the God of your forefathers...you rebelled against the authority which you had established." Not content with denouncing the revolution, Louis also makes several mentions that he intended to restore the system of the Old Regime: "We wish to restore all its purity which time has corrupted." He also makes a incessant praise of the emigre nobles, a good sign that if restore he would restore the power of the nobility. With these insults to the revolution, it no doubt roused discontent towards Louis and dashed the conventions original plan to restore the monarchy under first Louis XVI's son, then Louis XVIII.
-Jonathan Mcclintock
In document #66, how does Tallien compare the Terror to the monarchy of the old regime?
ReplyDeleteTallien compares the Terror to the monarchy of the old regime by explaining how the terror's need to consolidate power was similar to the monarchy. Tallien explains that with the Terror's need for an overseer who claims all power it is just like a monarchy with a king. His comparison is based primarily on the spread of power that he sees given to too few people, just like in the monarchy.
According to document #68, hwy did the people of Paris rise up in germinal III? What were the peoples demands?
Once again it was the lack of bread and rising food prices that led to the uprising in germinal III. Starvation was what prompted people to action. The peoples demands included bread, abolition of the government, the enactment of the constitution of 1793, as well as the release of citizens who had been arrested for questioning the government. The people rose up in germinal III because the government failed to provide for them adequately.
In Document #66, Tallien describes the Terror as something that works by making the citizens afraid of disobeying the law. Tallien compares the Terror to the old regime by saying the power needed to be highly concentrated. The people rose up because they were starving. In Document #68 women led the demonstrations. They wanted bread and the constitution to be put in order. The convention responded by saying that anybody who rose up would be put down and that people who were in groups larger than five would be broken up. Document #69 showed how some people might still believe in their king. Nobles who fled the country are said to be plotting against the revolution to put their king back into power.
ReplyDeleteMonica Castro
In Document #66, Tallien describes the Terror as something that works by making the citizens afraid of disobeying the law. Tallien compares the Terror to the old regime by saying the power needed to be highly concentrated. The people rose up because they were starving. In Document #68 women led the demonstrations. They wanted bread and the constitution to be put in order. The convention responded by saying that anybody who rose up would be put down and that people who were in groups larger than five would be broken up. Document #69 showed how some people might still believe in their king. Nobles who fled the country are said to be plotting against the revolution to put their king back into power.
ReplyDeleteMonica Castro
In document #66, how does Tallien describe the mechanisms of the Terror? How does it work as a system of exercising power?
ReplyDeleteTallien describes the Terror as a mechanism that is meant to completely degrade an individual. The Terror cuts people down to their very core stripping away every vestige of individuality. He then states that a government cannot inspire terror without the threat, and execution, of capital punishment. It seems that Tallien is almost enamored of the Terror when he is detailing its characteristics. According to Tallien the Terror can only exert power without fixed rules and the officials in the government are not bound by rules. Eventually a leader will emerge and their wishes will eventually take the place of the law.
According to document #68, why did the people of Paris rise up in germinal III? What were the people's demands?
The people of Paris rose up in germinal III because of rising bread prices and dwindling supplies. The National Convention was also accused of having executed Robespierre and his accomplices so that they could take over the government to terrorize the people and starve them. The people demanded bread, the abolition of revolutionary government, the establishment of the Constitution of 1793, the dismissal of current government, the arrest of current government officials, the release of citizens who demanded bread and expressed their opinions, the convocation of primary assemblies, and the convocation of a national, legislative assembly to replace the Convention. The uprising of germinal III is another example of the power of the crowd. This has been a constant theme throughout the French Revolution and I believe that this shows the true fickleness of people in general.
1. According to document #68, why did the people of Paris rise up in germinal III? What were the people's demands?
ReplyDeleteThe people rose up because they believed the National Convention had only executed Robespierre and his followers because they wanted to take over the government and tyrannize the people, had been subjecting them to famine by raising the prices of goods and protecting the merchants, and that they had been inhumanely allowing them to die of hunger for far too long. They were tired of the unjust illegitimate government’s false and misleading promises. The people were demanding an insurrection, since is it one of their most sacred rights and essential of duties, and that the demand bread, the abolition of the revolutionary government, they demanded that the National Convention immediately establish the democratic constitution of 1793, upon the dismissal of the current government that every member of the government’s current committees be arrested and that the government immediately be replaced with other members of the National Convention, the release of citizens who freely expressed their opinions and demanded bread, the convocation of a primary assemblies for next 25 Prairial where they will renew all authorities who will behave constitutionally, and the convocation of a national legislative assembly to replace the Convention next 25 Messidor.
Steph Talarek
In document #66, how does Tallien describe the mechanisms of the Terror? How does it work as a system of exercising power?
ReplyDeleteTallien describes the mechanisms of the Terror as the harshest way to destroy and disturb a person. A government can only inspire terror by constantly threatening capital punishment to everyone. He continues to say in order to make everyone fearful it is necessary to threaten every action as punishable and to have a spy everywhere to catch someone in the act. Tallien also says that it is impossible to instill terror in the hearts of “evil-doers” without disturbing the good citizens of any class. For if the government were to terrorize a few citizens for their presumed intentions, it will frighten all citizens, and if it limits itself to supervising deeds and their punishment, it does not inspire terror. In addition the more hateful life is the more hateful death must be made so that it will be feared. To really strike the imagination the idea of death must be followed by death that the people can see.
Terror works as a system of exercising power because it will blindly unify people’s will in place of law. The organization other than tyranny that has an interest in terror is a legitimate authority, which has the consent of the majority, and needs only that consent to triumph, to avert particular opposition. Terror is only useful to the minority that wants to oppress the majority, no matter who exercises the terror. What is wanted must be destroyed, and what is needed must be taken, such as the Revolution can only be completed by the Counter-Revolution.
Jeff Smith
According to document #68, why did the people of Paris rise up in germinal III? What were the people's demands? The people of Paris rose up in germinal III because bread prices had rose and the supply had shrunk. More generally the people felt that the government was tyrannical because they had Robespierre executed so they could gain power and the new government was letting them starve on purpose and die. They wanted the abolition of the revolutionary government and the National Convention to reinstate the democratic constitution of 1793. They also wanted their right to insurrection to be defended and people imprisoned for this offense and for demanding bread released. They wanted a new government to be composed of other members of the national convention, and for the arrests of the current members for tyranny and finally a convocation of the a national, legislative assembly to replace the Convention.
ReplyDeleteJeff Smith
In document # 66 how does Tallien describe the mechanisms of the Terror? How does it work as a system of exercising power?
ReplyDeleteTallien describes the mechanism of the Terror as necessary to guarantee the Revolution. he said that the Revolution must be both loved and feared by the people. The general public must fear the laws but there is also a fear of individuals that needs to go along with a Terror. He states that Terror is the "upheaval of all ideas, the inversion of all affection; strips the spirit of all the sweetness of hope and the resources of despair." for the government to be able to use Terror as a means they need to instill fear in everyone in the country, it must be used against everyone for "terror must be everywhere or it is nowhere." Terror breaks all ties and turns everyone against one another. Terror works as a system of exercising power by concentrating power in a minority party, who turns the majority against itself. The few in charge make all the decisions against the majority of the populace. They are no rules and and accusation is all that is needed to make the tides turn against someone in a reign of Terror. Terror is not run by legitimate authority, but by the minority imposing its will on the majority.
Kate Sinrud
According to document #68, why did the people of Paris rise up in germinal III? What were the people's demands?
ReplyDeleteThe people of Paris rose up in germinal III because they wanted bread and the Constitution of 1793 instated. Even after all the years of the Revolution and all the changes that were made in French society, there were still the same problems that had caused the Revolution. There was a lack of food and a want for a Constitution. They marched on the Convention, but were persuaded by the members to not act violently. The demands that they put before the Convention were for Bread, to abolish the revolutionary government, the Constitution of 1793, the dismissal of the current government, release of citizens who were detained, the renewal of primary assemblies authorities, a national legislative assembly. The delegates debated the demands and said that they wanted those changes too, at least some of them, they decided to give the people bread, and to try to make the Constitution work in the new system of government. This is an example of the power of the crowd forcing the hand of government, but by this point in the Revolution, the crowd was so weak that it was unable to force the government to take much action.
Kate Sinrud
Document #66
ReplyDeleteTallien compares the Terror with the monarchy by creating a link between the actions of Robespierre and the committees with actions of the defunct monarchy. In linking Capet and Robespierre with the idea of "aristocratic malevolence," Tallien captures his audience with the idea that the leaders of the Terror are behaving in the same way as the monarchs they overthrew, as an autocratic regime. He links the machinations of the Terror with the central authority previously held by the monarchy versus the idea of the rule of law called for by the citizens of France in undertaking revolution. In this same regard, Tallien calls the actions of the Terror as similar to the actions of the monarchy, as a minority, whether king or committee, who seeks to control a majority, the citizens if France. By invoking this image, he compliments his argument of the king as a slave-owner when compared to Robespierre as the ringleader of a brigand of thieves. He uses these depictions to bolster his argument for the sovereignty of the French people and the rule of law. In addition, by linking the leaders of the Terror with the monarchy, he discredits the Terror as a substitution for the government the people sought to replace.
Document #69
The Comte de Provence presents two different persona to the audience of this declaration. He depicts himself as a father-figure of the French people; as a people who have been horribly led astray, in a sense depicting them as foolish, stupid children. On this point, many would have felt alienated by this as an insult to themselves and the democratic ideals they were pursuing. The tenets of religion and the rejection thereof in France, he gives as a cause for their misfortune and as a consequence for the Terror. The more sensational aspect of his declaration comes towards the end when he speaks on reconquoring France. This would have been seen by many, chiefly those who convicted and killed the king as well as those responsible for the Terror, as a manifesto on how the monarchy would behave when restored. Additionally, he describes the monarchy and leadership of the Republic and Terror in terms of slavery. This would be a basis for a lack of support of Provence for fear by the population as being treated worse than when the previous Bourbon king had been on the throne. The Comte de Provence intended to use this declarationas a rally cry to his cause, appealing to the ideals of the French for the noble, father king. By using a bellicose and pejorative tone, he creates the opposite appeal for which his declaration was intended, the restoration of the French Crown.
~~~Albert Bailey
In document # 66 how does Tallien describe the mechanisms of the Terror? How does it work as a system of exercising power?
ReplyDeleteTallien states the terror should be used to get what one wants, such as a revolution. With capital punishment one makes the citizens to some extent like puppets, where they have to follow the laws or they will be killed. They will fear every action, word, or even every moment of silence in their life, hoping not to be mistaken as a traitor. He compares this way of action to a monarchy enforcing his. “Terror is only useful to the minority which wants to oppress the majority.” The terror exercises its power by instilling fear in its community to get what it wants them to do. In order to love a revolution you must inspire fear in those who try to betray it.
According to document #68, why did the people of Paris rise up in germinal III? What were the people's demands?
The people believe that the government is causing this famine and starving people. By rising up in germinal Ill they think they are standing up for themselves and generations to come and want to recover their rights. The citizens demand bread and the constitution of 1793. They also demand that the current government be dismissed and immediately replaced by other members of the National Convention. They want each member currently in these committees arrested for crimes against the nation and against the people. They want to eliminate the revolutionary government. The people also want the release of citizens who were wrongly put in jail for expressing their opinions or asking for bread. The citizens desire to fight for what they believe in and demand what they want.
Natalie Pardo
According to document #68, why did the people of Paris rise up in germinal III? What were the people's demands?
ReplyDeleteThe people of Paris have an uprising on Germinal III because of the prices of goods, or at least that is where it stems from. People where unhappy about the governments claims to fix the situation and others just to fall short. The price of bread and other essential goods rose and it was impossible for the lower classes to afford bread, causing most to just go hungry and some to die of that hunger. They also were of the mind that the government was unjust and tyrannical because of the loss of their given rights (Rights of Man and Citizen.)
The sans-culottes wanted first and foremost; bread. But they also wanted to abandon the revolutionary government, force the convention to re-inact the constitution of 1793 and have members of the convention take the place of those in the government who are seen as corrupt. Also, any person taken prisioner for demanding bread or protesting was to be set free.
Cathryn Salisbury-Valerien
In Document #66 how does Tallien describe the mechanisms of the Teror? How Does it work as a system of excercising power?
ReplyDeleteTallien suggests that Terror can work in two fashions. Either it can punish the perpetrators of crimes severely and earn the respect of the people or , as in the case of The Terror. it can be used arbitrarily against types of citizens. Tallien believes that in order to inspire terror the government must scare the masses by tormenting a few people.Tallien also makes the case that Terror does not work well as a way to protect the revolution as it will make the people unable to participate in a democratic form of governance and that the amount of terror must always be increased for the government to remain in power in this system.
According to document #68, why did the people of Paris rise up in germinal? What were the people's demands?
The people of Paris rose up in Germinal as a result of continued widespread famine and they thought the famine was being caused in some part by the government. The people's demands were subsistance, the constitution of 1793, and dismissal of the current national convention and the arrest of each comitee member.
James Murray
In document #66, how does Tallien describe the mechanisms of the Terror? How does it work as a system of exercising power?
ReplyDeleteTallien describes the terror as the most efficient means of protecting and expanding the revolution. Through the use of terror, the government would use fear to pacify any and all, of what they would call, "counter revolutionary forces." However, for the terror to be truly affective, no one group could be singled out. Every man, woman, and child had to fear that they themselves could be victims at any time. Tallien explains that the most efficient means of implementing the terror would be to execute common criminals, and dissidents at the same time as mass murderers. The terror becomes a tool for the minority to hold sway over the majority. It keeps opposing factions at odds with one another, and silences dissent, when even accusations could lead one to the guillotine.
~James Scutari
According to document #68, why did the people of Paris rise up in germinal III? What were the people's demands?
ReplyDeleteThe people of Paris rose up in Germinal III because they were starving and freezing to death on the streets. This was due to the coldest winter of the century on record and the consequent shortages and high prices. In addition to this, the bread available was needed for distribution to the armies. Therefore, out of anger and desperation, the people marched on the National Convention with the demands of food (bread) and the constitution of 1793. However, the Convention had no bread to give, and they would never allow the constitution of 1793 to take affect, because it would immediately dissolve the Convention, and end the revolution.
~James Scutari
In document #66, how does Tallien describe the mechanisms of the Terror? How does it work as a system of exercising power? The mechanisms of the terror are to watch either individuals or actions. A certain group of unsavory individuals would be guilty for just being. A mans actions are what to keep watch over. Terror is only useful to a minority to control a majority. Break a man down far enough and he will abandon all else to save himself. It was a system of power that worked. Fear of law is a way of controlling the populace.
ReplyDeleteIn document #66, how does Tallien compare the Terror to the monarchy of the old regime? Both regimes render people incaplble of receiving liberty. Unity can only be achieved by one person who stands in place of the law. A temporary tyranny or dictatorship was necessary to secure power.
The Terror is effective only when it instills fear in everyone regardless of guilt or innocence. Additionally, the fear must be ever increasingly more severe to continue to be effective in keeping the people in line. Because of this, the Terror deprives the people of liberty. It becomes of despot no better than the monarchy.
ReplyDeleteThe National Convention responded to the demands of the Germinal and Prairial uprisings by ignoring the demands of the people and putting a decree in place that took away the ability of the people to demonstrate with out punishment. They also were required to turn in their arms.
Jessica Arnold